Angina pectoris is a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort, often described as a squeezing, pressure, or fullness. It typically occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
Causes of Angina
The primary cause of angina is coronary artery disease (CAD). In CAD, plaque builds up in the arteries that supply blood to the heart, narrowing them and reducing blood flow. When the heart muscle demands more oxygen, such as during physical activity or stress, this reduced blood flow can lead to chest pain.
Symptoms of Angina
- Chest pain or discomfort: This is the most common symptom and can be felt in the center of the chest or radiate to the arm, shoulder, neck, jaw, or back.
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Sweating
- Nausea or vomiting
- Lightheadedness or dizziness
Types of Angina
- Stable Angina: This type of angina occurs under predictable circumstances, such as during physical activity or emotional stress. The pain usually subsides with rest or medication.
- Unstable Angina: This is a more serious type of angina where the pain occurs more frequently, lasts longer, or is triggered by less exertion. It can be a sign of a heart attack.
- Variant Angina (Prinzmetal’s Angina): This type of angina occurs due to a spasm in the coronary arteries, often at rest. It is usually caused by a blood vessel abnormality.
Diagnosis of Angina
To diagnose angina, your doctor may perform the following tests:
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): This test records the electrical activity of your heart.
- Stress Test: This test assesses your heart’s function during exercise.
- Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to create images of your heart.
- Coronary Angiography: This test uses X-rays to visualize the coronary arteries.
Treatment of Angina
The treatment for angina depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include:
- Lifestyle Changes: Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, regular exercise, and a healthy diet can help reduce the risk of angina.
- Medications: Medications such as nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers can help relieve angina pain and improve heart function.
- Procedures: In severe cases, procedures like angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery may be necessary to restore blood flow to the heart.
If you experience chest pain or discomfort, it’s important to seek medical attention immediately. Angina can be a sign of a serious heart condition.
