Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors1 (compulsions). These obsessions and compulsions can significantly impact a person’s daily life, causing distress and interfering with their ability to function.2
Obsessions: Obsessions are persistent, unwanted, and intrusive thoughts, urges, or images that cause anxiety and distress. Common obsessions include:
- Fear of contamination or germs
- Fear of harm or danger
- Doubts and uncertainty
- Unwanted sexual or aggressive thoughts
- Need for symmetry or order
Compulsions: Compulsions are repetitive behaviors or mental acts that individuals feel compelled to perform to reduce anxiety or prevent a feared outcome. Common compulsions include:
- Excessive cleaning or handwashing
- Checking locks, doors, or appliances
- Counting or repeating words or phrases
- Arranging objects in a specific order
- Hoarding
Causes of OCD The exact causes of OCD are not fully understood. However, a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors may contribute to its development.
Treatment for OCD
Treatment for OCD often involves a combination of therapy and medication:
- Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT): This therapy helps individuals identify and challenge negative thoughts and behaviors associated with OCD. Exposure and response prevention (ERP) is a specific type of CBT that involves gradually exposing individuals to their fears3 and preventing them from performing compulsive behaviors.
- Medication: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used to4 treat OCD.
With appropriate treatment, many individuals with OCD can significantly reduce their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
